- Keywords: Croatian-Canadian, relations, diaspora.
- Timeline: 1990s.
- Summary: Wayland’s central argument is as follows: “Rather than instilling a sense of unity, Croatian independence has either created or reinforced the contestations over notions of Croatian peoplehood” (p. 3). Midway through the paper, Wayland notes: “The internal dynamics of most diaspora communities are seldom harmonious, and in this way Croatians are in no way unusual; as Rasporich argues, Croatians in Canada have never been the model of community cohesion and unity” (p. 13). Wayland goes on to state: “Having a national past acknowledged by outsiders is important, as it is used to forge a viable cultural identity in the present and the wartime past of Croatians, stained by Ustasha rule, was problematic” (p. 14).
Wayland, S. (1997). Religious expression in public schools: Kirpan in Canada, hijab in France. Ethnic and Racial Studies, 20, 545-561.
- Keywords: Sikh, Muslim, religious expression, education.
- Timeline: 1990s.
- Summary: As Wayland notes, “Due to French influence and the province’s rejection of federal multiculturalism policy, Quebec is the only Canadian province in which headscarves have been banned from a public school” (p. 559).
Wayne, M. (1995). The Black population of Canada West on the eve of the American Civil War: A Reassessment based on the Manuscript Census of 1861. Social History, 28, 465-481.
- Keywords: African-Canadian.
- Timeline: mid-1800s.
- Summary: According to Wayne: “Finally, there is the testimony of the census itself. By 1861 blacks had made their way to all corners of Canada West and had become an integral part of the provincial economy. A great many – more than half – were from the United States. Contrary to popular opinion, however, they were mainly free blacks, not runaway slaves” (p. 481).
Weinfeld, M. and Schnoor, R.F. (2005). Seeking a mate: Inter-group partnership among gay Jewish men. Canadian Ethnic Studies, 37, 1, 21-39.
- Keywords: Jewish, gay, sex/gender.
- Timeline: Early 2000s.
- Summary: In the paper, Weinfeld and Schnoor observe: “The 2001 Canadian Census data reveal that Canadian gay and lesbian Jews are “out marrying” at a rate of approximately eighty-nine percent … We found that the majority of gay Jewish men interviewed expressed a desire for a Jewish partner” (p. 21). Overall, Weinfeld and Schnoor identify five layers of this dynamic, including: a small number of openly gay Jews (p 27), non-acceptance by the Jewish community (p. 28), a lack of gay Jewish infrastructure (p. 29), internalized distaste or discomfort with Jewishness (p. 31), internalized homophobia (p. 33).
Williams, C.J. (2006). Obscurantism in action: How the Ontario Human Rights Commission frames racial profiling. Canadian Ethnic Studies, 38, 2, 1-18.
- Keywords: Policy, exclusion.
- Timeline: Early 2000s.
- Summary: Summing up the paper, Williams notes: “Significantly, this article has addressed the specific question of how the OHRC frames profiling in order to advance the more general argument that the state, as presently constituted, is no guarantor of substantive anti-racism. It goes without saying that placatory measures (i.e., commissioned reports) which mollify anger stemming from racial injustice carry far lower political costs than policies designed to effect the progressive transformation of major institutions” (p. 15).
