- Keywords: Japanese-Canadian, cultural change.
- Timeline: 1942-1952.
- Summary: Examining changes in Montreal’s Japanese-Canadian community between 1942 and 1952, Oiwa states: “Within the residential and organizational dispersal, however, I find, instead of a mere obedience, passiveness and assimilation, a double structure which constitutes a strategy for ethnic survival. To denote this structure, I propose the term, “self-marginalization.” The key to the understanding of the self-marginalizing behaviour among Japanese Canadians is their experience of the pre-war discrimination in British Columbia and the wartime relocation camps” (p. 20).
Owusu, T.Y. (2000). The role of Ghanian immigrant associations in Toronto, Canada. International Migration Review, 34, 4, 1155-1181.
- Keywords: African-Canadian, Ghanian-Canadian, community building.
- Timeline: 1990s.
- Summary: Summarizing the findings of the study, Owusu states: “The study finds that Ghanians have established a relatively large network of township, ethnic and national associations. The associations fulfill a wide variety of economic, cultural, social and political functions related to the needs of the immigrants in the new country. At the same time, the associations serve their needs in the homeland: the immigrants use them to contribute to community development efforts, fight for certain political rights, and maintain ties to the homeland” (p. 1155).
