- Keywords: Greek-Canadian immigrant experiences, sex/gender, Ontario.
- Timeline: 1900s.
- Summary: Interlocking the dimensions of sex and ethno-cultural identity, this “paper describes and analyzes the lived experience of the migration process of four generational groups of Greek immigrant women, starting from the standpoint of women. Connections are established between the Greek female lived experience in the various stages of the migration process and the larger gender, ethnic and class relations organizing such experience in the specific socio-historical circumstances of migration” (p. 119).
Tator, C.; Henry, F. (2006). Racial profiling in Canada: Challenging the myth of “a few bad apples”. Toronto: University of Toronto Press.
- Keywords: African-Canadian, racism.
- Timeline: Early 2000s.
- Summary: Critiquing the practice of racial profiling in Canada: “The authors argue that racial profiling is a manifestation of “democratic racism,” in which bias and discrimination “cloak their presence” in liberal principles. The white majority uses a “racialized discourse” as a strategy to turn attention away from racial profiling as a concrete social problem” (p. 194).
Teixeira, C. (1996). The suburbanization of Portuguese Communities in Toronto and Montreal: From isolation to residential integration? Canadian Issues, 18, 181-201.
- Keywords: Portuguese-Canadian, community building.
- Timeline: 1984-1994.
- Summary: Describing the Portuguese communities in Toronto and Montreal between the 1950s and 1990s, Teixeira notes: “In the last four decades, the Portuguese have constructed a thriving, complex ethnic enclave, with a high degree of “institutional completeness” (using Breton’s terminology)” (p. 188). On the question of identity, Teixeira states: “Deciding whether they are “Canadian,” “Portuguese-Canadian,” or “Portuguese” will likely remain an unsolved dilemma for many. The Portuguese, in both Toronto and Montreal, are in control of their own mobility” (p. 191).
Teixeira, C. (2006). Housing experiences of black Africans in Toronto’s rental market: A case study of Angolian and Mozambican immigrants. Canadian Ethnic Studies, 38, 3, 58-86.
- Keywords: African-Canadian, racism.
- Timeline: early 2000s.
- Summary: On the matter of barriers faced by African-Canadians in Toronto’s Rental market, Teixeira notes: “The evidence indicates that both groups encounter significant barriers and challenges in securing affordable and adequate housing. Of these barriers, one of the most commonly cited is prejudice and discrimination by landlords based on race or skin colour. In this context, race and cultural background can be seen as major barriers to equal treatment for members of certain visible minority groups in Toronto’s rental housing market” (p. 58).
Tirone, S.; & Pedlar, A. (2005). Leisure, place, and diversity: The experiences of ethnic minority youth. Canadian Ethnic Studies, 37, 2, 32-48.
- Keywords: Immigrant experiences, pluralism.
- Timeline: 1990s-2000s.
- Summary: Reflecting on challenges faced by children of newcomers to a country, Tirone and Pedlar state: “Individuals who are born in one country to parents who are immigrants from another know first-hand the culture, values, and beliefs of their parents’ host community, and they also know, and may have strong allegiance to, the culture, values, and beliefs of their parents’ countries of origin. Some research has explored the challenges faced by second-generation youths whose lives may be deemed problematic because they are not part of two worlds” (p. 33).
Tran, Y. (2005). From Vietnam to Calgary. Canadian Ethnic Studies, 37, 2, 103-106.
- Keywords: Vietnamese-Canadian, refugee.
- Timeline: Late 1970s-Early 1980s.
- Summary: A personal story of one woman’s journey from Vietnam to Calgary in 1979.
Troper, H. (1972). Creek-Negroes of Oklahoma and immigration, 1909-1911. Canadian Historical Review, 53, 272-288.
- Keywords: African-Canadian, immigration, exclusion.
- Timeline: early 1900s.
- Summary: Critiquing Canada’s exclusionary approach to immigration between 1909 and 1911 Troper states: “The continuation of covert anti-Negro immigration restrictions beyond 1911 and the extension of such restrictions to other ‘undesirables’ is a subject deserving of further investigation” (p. 288).
Troper, H. (1978). Nationalism and the history curriculum in Canada. The History Teacher, 12, 1, 11-27.
- Keywords: Multicultural, education, policy.
- Timeline: 1970s.
- Summary: Reflecting on the changing nature of multicultural policy in an educational setting, Troper observes: “Provincial government acceptance of the new multiculturalism, especially as articulated in federal government policy has been slow in coming, but it has arrived at least in Ontario. Acceptance of multiculturalism in education, a field within provincial jurisdiction, as been an especially agonizing process. Working so long within an Anglo-conformist framework, certain that remaking the immigrant child was not simply a duty but a sacred trust, the school system must now re-examine past assumptions and design curricula to conform to multicultural imagery” (p. 25).
Troper, H. (1993). Canada’s immigration policy since 1945. International Journal, 68, 255-281.
- Keywords: Immigration policy, exclusion, interest convergence theory.
- Timeline: 1945-1993.
- Summary: Summing up Canada’s immigration policy between 1945 and 1993, Troper states: “In the whirlwind of change which has shaped and reshaped Canada’s immigration policy since World War II, the dominant focus of policy formation has remained remarkably constant. Immigration policy has closely followed the twists and turns of national economic policy” (p. 255).
Troper, H. & Weinfeld, M. (1999). Jewish-Ukrainian relations in Canada since World War II and the emergence of the nazi war criminal issue. American Jewish History, 77, 106-134.
- Keywords: Jewish, Ukrainian-Canadian, relations.
- Timeline: 1945-1999.
- Summary: Early in the paper, Troper and Weinfeld note: “The definition of an ethnic group involves a sense of shared history, real or imagined. For both Jews and Ukrainians the flow of events which constitutes each group’s shared history is not imagined. But interpretation of those events is grounded in different if overlapping understandings of the past those understandings are applied to the cause of ethnic cohesion today” (p. 106).
